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Nickel-based alloys are a class of alloy materials with nickel as the main component. It usually contains other elements such as iron, chromium, titanium, aluminum, etc. to enhance its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance. Nickel-based alloys still have the characteristics of high strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and wear resistance at high temperatures of 650~1000 °C, so they are widely used in aerospace, chemical industry, petroleum, energy, ships, nuclear industries, etc. field. Nickel-based alloys also have good machinability, and can be manufactured into parts of various shapes and sizes through forging, heat treatment, cold deformation, welding and other processes.

Composition properties of nickel-based alloys

There are three main reasons why nickel-based superalloys are widely used. First of all, nickel-based alloys can dissolve more alloying elements and maintain a stable structure. Secondly, compared with iron-based and cobalt-based superalloys, nickel-based alloys can form a coherent and ordered A3B-type intermetallic compound γ[Ni3(Al,Ti)] phase, which can effectively enhance the strength of the alloy and make it more efficient. High high temperature strength. Again, nickel-based alloys contain chromium, which gives them better resistance to oxidation and gas corrosion than iron-based superalloys.

 

Nickel-based alloys contain a variety of elements, among which chromium mainly plays the role of anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion, and other elements are mainly used to strengthen the alloy. According to their strengthening mode, they can be divided into three categories: solid solution strengthening elements, such as tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and vanadium, etc.; precipitation strengthening elements, such as aluminum, titanium, niobium and tantalum; grain boundary strengthening elements, such as boron, Zirconium, magnesium and rare earth elements, etc.

The main classification of nickel-based alloys

Nickel-based alloy is the abbreviation of nickel-based superalloy, which is named for its unique high temperature resistance. Nickel-based alloys can be divided into the following main categories according to their performance:

  1. Nickel-based heat-resistant alloys: This type of alloy can resist oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures of 650~1000°C and has a certain strength. Based on magnetic properties, this type of alloy is often used to make aeroengine blades and rocket engines, nuclear reactors, energy sources Convert hot parts on equipment.
  2. Nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys: Pure nickel is a representative alloy of nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys. The microstructure of this type of alloy is austenite, and the main alloying elements are copper, chromium, molybdenum, etc. Corrosion-resistant alloys have good comprehensive properties and can resist various acid corrosion and stress corrosion. It can be used to manufacture parts for various corrosion-resistant environments such as petroleum, chemical industry, and electric power.
  3. Nickel-based wear-resistant alloy: the main alloying elements are chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and also contain a small amount of niobium, tantalum and indium. It has good wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and good welding performance. It can be used to make wear-resistant parts, and it can also be used to make cladding materials.
  4. Nickel-based precision alloys: including nickel-based soft magnetic alloys, nickel-based precision resistance alloys and nickel-based electrothermal alloys, etc. The most common one is Permalloy, which contains about 80% nickel. It has high maximum and initial permeability and low coercive force. It is an important iron core material in the electronics industry. Nickel-based precision alloy is an alloy material that is based on nickel and contains other alloying elements such as chromium, iron, molybdenum, etc. This alloy has excellent high temperature strength, corrosion resistance, thermal fatigue properties and oxidation resistance.Nickel-based precision alloys can be used for a long time at a temperature of 1000~1100°C, and can be used to manufacture turbine engine blades, combustion chamber components, gas turbine blades, guide vane rings of aeroengines and various corrosion-resistant equipment working at high temperatures.
  1. Nickel-based shape memory alloy: Nickel-based shape memory alloy is a nickel alloy containing 50% titanium. The alloy has a good shape memory effect at 70°C. By fine-tuning the ratio of nickel and titanium, the recovery temperature can be adjusted in the range of 30°C to 100°C. This alloy is widely used in self-expanding structural parts of spacecraft, self-exciting fasteners in the aerospace industry, and artificial heart motors in the biomedical field.

Production process of nickel base alloy

The production process of nickel-based alloy mainly includes the following steps:

Raw material preparation: select appropriate nickel and other alloying elements, such as chromium, iron, molybdenum, etc., and mix and smelt them according to a certain ratio.

Refining treatment: The alloy obtained by smelting is refined to remove impurities and impure substances. Common refining methods include vacuum melting, atmosphere melting and electroslag remelting.

Deformation processing: the refined alloy billet is transformed in shape and size through a series of deformation processing processes, such as forging, rolling, stretching, etc.

Heat treatment: use heat treatment methods to perform aging and solution treatment on nickel-based alloys to adjust the structure and properties of the alloy.

Surface treatment: In order to improve the corrosion resistance and aesthetics of nickel-based alloys, surface treatment is often required, such as grinding, polishing, spraying, etc.

In general, the production process of nickel-based alloys involves multiple steps such as raw material preparation, refining treatment, deformation processing, heat treatment and surface treatment, each of which has an important impact on the quality and performance of the final alloy.

The main application of nickel base alloy

Nickel-based alloys have high heat resistance, corrosion resistance, good strength, toughness and weldability, so they have important applications in many fields.

Oil and natural gas industry: Nickel-based alloys are widely used in high temperature and high pressure conditions in the process of oil and natural gas extraction, storage, transportation and refining, such as oil extraction equipment, refinery reactors and petrochemical pipelines.

Aerospace industry: Due to its excellent high temperature resistance and mechanical properties, nickel-based alloys are widely used in turbine blades, nozzles and combustion chambers in aero engines, aerospace propulsion systems and jet engines.

Chemical industry: Nickel-based alloys are widely used as reactor materials in the chemical industry, such as ammonia synthesis equipment, alkane conversion equipment, and sulfuric acid equipment, which can withstand acid and alkali corrosion and high temperature and high pressure environments.

Power industry: Nickel-based alloys are commonly used in supercritical generators and nuclear reactors in nuclear power plants in the power industry, which can withstand high temperatures and corrosive environments.

Medical devices and bioengineering: Nickel-based alloys are used in the fields of biomedicine and bioengineering, such as artificial heart valves, orthopedic implants and medical devices, because of their good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance.

Construction and building materials industry: Nickel-based alloys are used in the construction and building materials industry for heat exchange equipment in high temperature environments, boiler pipes and bearing covers in fossil fuel power plants, etc.

In general, nickel-based alloys are widely used in industrial fields under high temperature, high pressure and corrosive environments due to their excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance, so as to meet the material performance requirements of industrial equipment.

Spot grade

common namePrecision alloy grade
Pure nickel Nickel2001J46、1J50、 1J54、 1J76、 1J77、 J179、 1J80、1J85、 1J86、
Pure nickel Nickel2011J34、 1J51、 1J52、 1J65、 1J66、 1J67、 1J83
Pure nickel Nickel2701J22
INCOLOY Alloy A-286 Alloy1J36、 1J116、 1J117
INCOLOY Alloy 25-6Mo Alloy1J66
INCOLOY Alloy 25-6HN Alloy1J87、 1J88、 1J89、 1J90、 1J91
INCOLOY Alloy 27-7Mo Alloy1J30、1J31、1J32、1133、E8(Ni30Fe)
INCOLOY Alloy 20AlloyCr10NiTiMo
INCOLOY Alloy 28Alloy1J75、1J77C、1579C、1J85C、1J87C、1J92、1J93、 1J95
INCOLOY Alloy 330Alloy2J31、2J32、2J33
INCOLOY Alloy 800Alloy2J63、2J64、2J65、2J67
INCOLOY Alloy 800HAlloy2J21、2J23、2J25、2J27
INCOLOY Alloy 800HTAlloy2J4、2J7、2J9、2J11、2J12、2J51、2J52、2J53
INCOLOY Alloy 825Alloy3J9 (2Cr18Ni9Mo)
INCOLOY Alloy 840Alloy3J21
INCONEL Alloy 600Alloy3J1、3J53
INCONEL Alloy 601Alloy3J53、3J58
INCONEL Alloy 625Alloy3J2（Ni36CrTiaiMo5）3J3（Ni36CrTiAImo8）
INCONEL Alloy 625LCFAlloy4J29、4J44
INCONEL Alloy 686Alloy4J33、4J34
INCONEL Alloy 690Alloy4J46
INCONEL Alloy 718Alloy4J43
INCONEL Alloy X-750Alloy4J32、4J36、4J38、4J40
MONEL蒙乃尔400镍铜Alloy4J78、4J80、4J82
MONEL蒙乃尔K-500镍铜金4J6、4J47、4J49、4J42、4J45、4J50
HASTELLOY哈氏AlloyC-2764J58
HASTELLOY哈氏AlloyC-44J59
HASTELLOY哈氏AlloyC-22B30（Ni31Cu68）
HASTELLOY C-2000FeNi41
HASTELLOY哈氏AlloyX4J28
HASTELLOY哈氏AlloyB-2N40(0Cr20Ni36A1)