434 stainless steel is a stainless steel alloy with a low chromium-nickel-molybdenum-sulfur content, also known as UNS S43400 or AISI 434 stainless steel. It is a martensitic stainless steel with high hardness and corrosion resistance. 434 stainless steel has excellent weldability and is antimagnetic. It is usually used in the manufacture of parts and equipment that require high corrosion resistance, such as automotive parts, food processing equipment, chemical and petroleum industry equipment, etc.
Other Names for 434 Stainless Steel
Other names equivalent to grade 434 stainless steel include:
DIN 1.4113
AFNOR Z 8 CD 17.01
UNI X 8 CrMo 17
Japanese standard stainless steel 434
SS 2325
BS 434 S 19
ASTM A65i
SAE 51434
SAE J405 (51434)
Chemical composition of 434 stainless steel
material | 434（%） | |||||||
chemical composition | Fe | Cr | Mo | Si | Mn | C | P | S |
81 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.040 | 0.030 | |
Mechanical properties of 434 stainless steel
material | 434 | |||||
Mechanical Properties
| Tensile strength | Yield strength (@ strain 0.200%) | Elastic modulus | Poisson’s ratio | Elongation at break (in 50 mm) | Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) |
538 MPa | 441 MPa | 200 GPa | 0.27-0.30 | 32% | 89 | |
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material | 434 | |
Properties | Density | Melting point |
7.80 cm³ | 1510°C | |
Thermal Properties of 434 Stainless Steel
material | 434 | |
Thermal Properties
| Thermal expansion co-efficient (@ 0-100°C/32-212°F) | Thermal conductivity (@ 100°C/212°F) |
10.4 µm/m°C | 26.1 W/mK | |
Machinability of 434 stainless steel
The good machinability of 434 stainless steel makes it widely used in various applications. The following are some machinability characteristics of 434 stainless steel:
Good machinability: 434 stainless steel shows good machinability in common processing methods, such as cutting, drilling, milling and turning. It can achieve excellent cutting performance under high load, making the machining process relatively easy.
Good high temperature stability: 434 stainless steel still maintains good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance under high temperature conditions. Therefore, it can withstand relatively high temperature cutting and machining processes without causing changes in the color and properties of the material.
Weldability: 434 stainless steel has good welding performance and can be connected by common welding methods, such as arc welding, laser welding and TIG welding. At the same time, it also has a lower risk of thermal cracking, making the welding process easier to carry out.
Easy cutting: The hardness of 434 stainless steel is relatively low, which makes the cutting process easier. Cutting tools can remove material relatively quickly without premature wear. In addition, 434 stainless steel also has higher cutting speed and feed rate, which can improve production efficiency.
Formability of 434 stainless steel
434 stainless steel has certain formability, its main features are as follows:
Cold workability: 434 stainless steel can be cold worked at room temperature, such as cold rolling, cold drawing, stamping, etc., to obtain the desired shape and size. Cold working can change the shape of the material without affecting the basic properties of the material.
Good plasticity: 434 stainless steel has good plasticity, and can change its shape by pressing, stretching and bending without cracks or breaks. This makes it suitable for some molding processes that require complex shapes.
Hot workability: 434 stainless steel can be formed by hot working methods, such as hot rolling, hot extrusion and forging. Thermal processing can change the grain structure and organization of materials, and improve the strength and plasticity of materials.
Anti-rebound elasticity: 434 stainless steel has a certain anti-rebound elasticity, that is, it can maintain its required shape and size after forming, and it is not easy to undergo elastic deformation.
434 stainless steel heat treatment specification
The following are common heat treatment specifications for 434 stainless steel:
Forging: Grade 434 stainless steel can be forged at 1094 -1149°C (2000-2100°F) after thorough soaking.
Quenching: Heating 434 stainless steel to a higher temperature, usually about 1000°C-1100°C, and then rapidly cooling to increase the hardness and strength of the material.
Tempering: After quenching, heat 434 stainless steel to a lower temperature range (usually 200°C-600°C), and then keep it at this temperature for a period of time to reduce the stress generated during quenching and improve Toughness and machinability of the material.
Full Annealing: Grade 434 stainless steel is soak annealed at 788 – 872°C (1450-1600°F) followed by air cooling
Oxidation annealing (Stress Relieving): This is a heat treatment process at high temperature to relieve internal stress caused by processes such as cold working or welding. In 434 stainless steel, oxidation annealing is usually carried out at a temperature of about 480°C-590°C and held for a period of time followed by slow cooling.
Hardening: Grade 434 stainless steel does not react with heat treatment.
Application fields of 434 stainless steel
434 stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, so it is widely used in many applications. The following are some common application areas of 434 stainless steel:
Automotive industry: 434 stainless steel is widely used in automobile manufacturing, including exhaust system components (such as exhaust pipes), automotive parts (such as crankshafts, camshafts) and other parts (such as bolts and fasteners), etc. Its high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties make it an excellent choice.
Chemical industry: 434 stainless steel is commonly used in the manufacture of chemical industry equipment, including containers, storage tanks, pump bodies, heat exchangers and pipelines. It is resistant to a wide range of chemicals and maintains a long life in harsh working environments.
Food processing: Due to its good corrosion resistance and hygienic properties, 434 stainless steel is often used in food processing equipment, such as food containers, conditioning machinery, food transportation equipment and food heating equipment, etc.
Medical devices: 434 stainless steel is commonly used in the manufacture of medical devices and equipment, such as surgical instruments, injection needles, implants and medical clavicle plates. Its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility make it an ideal material choice for the medical field.
Ocean engineering: Because 434 stainless steel has good corrosion resistance to salt water environment, it is often used in the manufacture of ocean engineering equipment and components, such as structural components of ships and offshore platforms, seawater treatment equipment and valves.
Oil and gas industry: 434 stainless steel is widely used in oil and gas extraction, processing and storage. It is used in the manufacture of oil drilling pipelines, oil pipelines, chemical equipment and storage tanks, etc., and has a long service life in harsh and corrosive environments.
In addition to the above application fields, 434 stainless steel can also be used in the manufacture of heat exchangers, electronic components, home decoration, aerospace and electrical equipment, etc. The application in these fields fully reflects the importance and versatility of 434 stainless steel in various industries.
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